Somewhere in Colona, British Columbia, Canada, between tool shelves and the scent of oil, a scene is unfolding that could be the beginning of a new era. In an unassuming garage, under the banner of Limitless Potential Technologies, a dream of clean, universally accessible energy is being born. This is not a project of a large corporation, guarded by patents and a thirst for profit. It is an open-source, grassroots movement centered around a hypothetical device – a generator that promises what has existed for years only in the realm of dreams and conspiracy theories: free and clean energy.

The Heart of the Machine: The Principle of Operation

The device, which we can call an Impulse Generator, is based on an elegant yet complex concept. Its central element is a rotor with permanent magnets, spinning within an electromagnetic field generated by a series of precisely wound coils.

The key to its operation lies in the masterful manipulation of electromagnetic phenomena:

1. The Pulse of Attraction: A special optical sensor, like an orchestra conductor, sends a signal to the electronics at the perfect moment. This, in turn, sends a short, powerful electrical impulse from one battery bank to a coil. The coil instantly becomes an electromagnet, whose pole attracts the magnets on the rotor, setting it in motion.
2. The Magic of the Collapsing Field: When the impulse ends, the magnetic field around the coil collapses violently. It is in this precise moment that the secret lies. According to the laws of physics, such a rapid collapse induces a high-voltage reverse impulse (flyback voltage) – a kind of “kickback” of energy that in conventional systems is wasted, dissipating as heat.
3. Recycling and Crossing the Threshold: This is where the revolution begins. This “recovered” reverse energy is directed not back to the source, but to a second, separate battery bank which stores it. The creators hypothesize that this is not ordinary recycling. They propose that this violent, high-voltage impulse, “slamming” electrons into the battery, creates a state of imbalance inside it (a dipole). Nature seeks balance, and in correcting this state, it may “draw” additional energy from the environment – from the vacuum (aether) – recharging both ions and electrons within the battery. This hypothetical harvesting of ambient energy is suggested to be the source of the excess.

Overcoming Obstacles: Engineering Against the Laws of Physics

Every conventional motor or generator faces inevitable losses. The team from the garage in Colonia consciously designs their invention to minimize them:

• Lenz’s Law and Eddy Currents: Traditional machines struggle with back EMF and eddy currents, which convert precious magnetism into useless heat. Their solution is the use of air core coils – without an iron core. Although it is harder to concentrate the magnetic field in them, they almost completely eliminate losses from eddy currents and hysteresis, allowing for super-fast building and collapsing of the field, which is crucial for generating a powerful reverse impulse.
• Future Generating Coils: They also plan to add external coils for generating conventional electricity. These will use cores, but designed intelligently: filled with fine steel balls (shot) or iron filings, coated with an insulating layer of varnish. This method, inspired by the work of other pioneers, creates “fine gravel” in the “river of energy,” minimizing the formation of large, energy-wasting vortices.

More Than Technology: The Philosophy of Limitless Potential

What is happening in the Canadian garage is not just dry engineering. It is a deeply humanistic project based on two pillars:

1. Clean Energy for the People: All knowledge, schematics, and progress are open-source. It is a manifesto against greed and fear, an invitation for the entire community of tinkerers, visionaries, and citizen scientists to co-create.
2. The Power of Thought and Manifestation: The creators believe that changing reality begins in the mind. They cite human history, where breakthrough inventions – like aviation – first existed as an unwavering belief in their possibility, and only later became physical reality. By building this generator, they are not only testing a machine; they are also testing the power of human intention and the belief that we can collectively manifest a better world.

A Chapter of Skepticism: Between Vision and Verification

While the vision is inspiring and the dedication is undeniable, a sober analysis is necessary to assess the project’s real chances of success. The history of energy innovation is littered with claims of overunity devices that ultimately could not withstand rigorous scientific scrutiny.

The primary challenge lies in the core hypothesis: that the high-voltage flyback pulse can create an imbalance in the battery that draws additional energy from the vacuum. This concept, often referred to as “radiant energy” or “energy from the aether,” resides firmly outside the boundaries of established physics. Mainstream science has no empirical evidence for such an energy source, and the principle of conservation of energy remains one of the most rigorously tested laws in existence.

From an engineering perspective, accurately measuring true energy input and output in such a pulsed, high-voltage, and highly transient system is extraordinarily difficult. Apparent gains can often be attributed to measurement errors, battery chemistry anomalies (like surface charge), or the temporary recovery of previously lost energy within the system itself. To prove its claim, the project must implement flawless, calibrated data logging over extended periods, accounting for all losses and ensuring that the output energy genuinely exceeds the total energy drawn from the primary source, not just the portion recycled.

Furthermore, the proposed mechanism of battery “dipole” creation and subsequent energy draw is highly speculative and lacks a peer-reviewed, reproducible model.

So, does this project have any chance of success?

It is crucial to separate the ultimate goal from the incremental progress. The chance of this specific device definitively proving a violation of the conservation of energy, thereby revolutionizing all of physics, is, based on all established scientific knowledge, extremely low.

However, this does not render the project meaningless or without merit. Its real chance of success lies on a different, more practical level:

• As a Marvel of Optimization: The project has a very high chance of success in building an extremely efficient conventional electromagnetic system. Their work on minimizing losses through air cores, careful material selection, and sophisticated timing is valid and impressive engineering. They may create a device with an electrical efficiency that approaches 100% for the motor-generator loop, which alone would be a significant achievement.
• As an Open-Source Catalyst: The project is already successful as a source of inspiration and education. It engages a global community in advanced electronics and electromagnetism, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible within the known laws of physics.
• As a Testbed for Innovation: The rigorous testing and data collection, even if it doesn’t prove “free energy,” could yield valuable insights into battery behavior under pulsed charging, novel coil designs, and control systems for high-efficiency motors.

In essence, the likely “success” of this project may not be the discovery of a new physical principle, but the creation of one of the most efficient electromagnetic machines of its kind and the strengthening of a community dedicated to open-source technological exploration.

The Road Ahead

The device is still a prototype. Initial measurements show conventional efficiency at around 60-70%, which is impressive for an early stage but does not yet prove an energy surplus. The team has a long road ahead: adding generating coils, implementing an advanced timing system, precise data logging, and creating an automatic battery bank switching system.

Yet, every stable rotation of the rotor, every impulse that no longer blows the sensor, is a small victory. It is a drop of water that erodes the stone not only of physical laws but also of societal beliefs about what is possible.

Limitless Potential Technologies is a beautiful reminder that the greatest revolutions often do not start in the sterilized laboratories of corporations, but in garages full of passion, where people dare to dream out loud and believe that through a collective effort, they can manifest a future where clean energy is a right, not a privilege.

It is not yet proof. It is a promise – an invitation to watch as a bold hypothesis slowly, coil by coil, impulse by impulse, becomes a refined reality, pushing the limits of efficiency and inspiring a generation to look beyond the obvious.

Imagine stepping into a futuristic capsule, surrounded by water and cutting-edge technology that not only cleanses your body but also soothes your mind. Welcome to the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki,” or human washing machine of the future, a revolutionary concept developed by Science, an Osaka-based company. This marvel of engineering is set to disrupt traditional notions of hygiene and self-care, raising questions about its potential impact on society and our daily lives.

A Brief History

The idea of using machines to clean humans dates back to ancient civilizations, with evidence of primitive washing devices found in Egypt, Greece, and Rome. However, the concept of a full-body washing machine that caters to both physical and mental well-being is a relatively new development. Science’s vision for Mirai Ningen Sentakuki draws inspiration from modern spa technology and cutting-edge robotics.

Design and Functionality

The human washing machine stands approximately 3 meters tall and 2 meters wide, with a sleek, futuristic design that evokes a sense of luxury and tranquility. Upon entering the device, users are enveloped by a soothing ambiance, complete with calming music, aromatherapy, and gentle vibrations. The interior is designed to accommodate up to eight people simultaneously, making it an ideal solution for families or groups seeking relaxation.

How It Works

The Mirai Ningen Sentakuki employs advanced sensors to monitor the user’s vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. This data is used to adjust the water temperature, flow rate, and duration of the washing cycle. The machine also uses projection technology to display calming images on its transparent cover, promoting relaxation and reducing stress.

Benefits and Drawbacks

On one hand, Mirai Ningen Sentakuki offers a unique blend of physical and mental cleansing, potentially leading to improved overall health and well-being. Users may experience reduced anxiety and stress levels, while the machine’s advanced sensors ensure a tailored washing experience that addresses individual needs. Furthermore, the device’s high capacity makes it an attractive solution for group relaxation sessions.

However, concerns have been raised regarding the machine’s potential impact on personal hygiene and intimacy. Some users may find the idea of being washed by a machine unsettling or even invasive. Additionally, the cost and maintenance requirements of such a device could be prohibitively expensive for many households.

Societal Impact

As Mirai Ningen Sentakuki begins to gain traction, it is likely to spark debates about the role of technology in shaping our daily lives. Some may view this concept as a revolutionary advancement that redefines traditional notions of hygiene and self-care. Others might see it as an unnecessary luxury or even an affront to human dignity.

From an economic perspective, Mirai Ningen Sentakuki could create new opportunities for employment in fields related to maintenance, repair, and customer support. However, the high cost of development and production may limit accessibility, potentially exacerbating existing social inequalities.

Future Developments

Science plans to unveil a working model of Mirai Ningen Sentakuki at an expo in Osaka next April, with up to eight people able to experience the 15-minute “wash and dry” cycle each day after booking a reservation. A home-use version is reportedly under development, although its release date remains unclear.

In the years to come, we can expect Mirai Ningen Sentakuki to continue evolving as technology advances. Future developments may include:

• Integration with artificial intelligence (AI) systems for enhanced personalized experience
• Development of more advanced sensors and monitoring technologies for real-time health tracking
• Expansion into new markets, such as commercial use in hotels, spas, or healthcare facilities
• Emergence of new business models, including subscription-based services and home delivery

Conclusion

The human washing machine of the future is a remarkable concept that challenges our traditional understanding of hygiene and self-care. As Mirai Ningen Sentakuki begins to roll out its capabilities, it will be fascinating to observe how society reacts to this revolutionary technology. Will we view it as a pioneering achievement in robotics and wellness or a novelty with limited appeal? Only time will tell, but one thing is certain: the future of human hygiene has never looked brighter.

Final Thoughts

As we stand on the cusp of this new era in human hygiene, it is essential to consider the broader implications of Mirai Ningen Sentakuki. Will this technology contribute to a healthier and more harmonious society or exacerbate existing social inequalities? As we look to the future, one thing becomes clear: the possibilities are endless.

In conclusion, Rinse Cycle to Bliss: The Future of Human Hygiene with Mirai Ningen Sentakuki is a groundbreaking concept that has the potential to transform our understanding of hygiene and self-care. By embracing this technology, we may find ourselves entering an era where cleanliness and relaxation go hand-in-hand, setting a new standard for future innovations in wellness and robotics.

Introduction

As the world increasingly turns toward renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, the need for efficient energy storage solutions becomes more pressing. One promising technology in this domain is the Compressed Gas Energy Storage System (CGESS), which leverages the unique properties of nitrogen gas to store and release energy efficiently. This article delves into the intricacies of the CGESS, exploring its operational mechanisms, design innovations, safety measures, and potential future impacts on the energy landscape.

Overview of Compressed Gas Energy Storage System (CGESS)

The CGESS is designed to optimize energy storage and retrieval through the compression and expansion of nitrogen gas. This system consists of two hermetically sealed tanks, each with a capacity of 1,000 liters (1 m³), designed to operate at a maximum pressure of 300 bar (30 MPa). The equilibrium state during energy storage is maintained at 150 bar (15 MPa). The design is focused on enhancing performance and efficiency by optimizing the tank shape and orientation, thereby maximizing the system’s potential as a reliable energy storage solution.

System Operation: A Detailed Analysis

Charging Phase

The charging phase is a crucial component of the CGESS, where energy is stored for later use. In this phase, nitrogen gas is compressed and transferred from a low-pressure tank (Tank A) to a high-pressure tank (Tank B). This process raises the pressure in Tank B to its maximum of 300 bar while creating a near vacuum in Tank A. The energy required for this compression is supplied from renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, making the system an integral component of a sustainable energy ecosystem.

The efficiency of the charging phase is influenced by various factors, including the power of the compressor, the rate of gas transfer, and the temperature of the gas. The integration of advanced compressors that utilize less energy while maintaining high compression rates can significantly enhance the efficiency of this phase.

Discharging Phase

In the discharging phase, nitrogen gas is released from Tank B, allowing it to expand and drive a turbine connected to a generator. This mechanism converts the stored energy back into electrical energy, providing power when it is most needed. As the gas expands, the pressure in Tank B decreases, while Tank A gradually fills with gas, seeking to return to the equilibrium state of 150 bar.

The effectiveness of the discharging phase hinges on the design of the turbine and generator system. Innovations in turbine design, such as optimizing blade geometry and utilizing advanced materials, can further improve energy conversion efficiency, making the CGESS a competitive option for energy storage solutions.

Optimal Tank Design: Innovations and Considerations

Tank Shape and Structure

The design of the tanks is paramount to the performance of the CGESS. Cylindrical tanks are the preferred choice due to their ability to withstand high pressures uniformly. The cylindrical design minimizes stress concentrations and maximizes internal volume relative to surface area, making it efficient for energy storage. Additionally, incorporating elliptical or hemispherical ends can enhance structural integrity and resistance to buckling, allowing the tanks to operate safely at high pressures.

Material Considerations

The choice of materials for tank construction is critical. High-strength composite materials or advanced alloys are recommended for their strength-to-weight advantages and corrosion resistance. These materials not only ensure the durability and safety of the tanks but also contribute to the overall efficiency of the system by reducing unnecessary weight and minimizing thermal losses during gas compression and expansion.

Insulation Techniques

Effective insulation of the tanks is essential to minimize heat transfer during both the compression and expansion processes. By reducing thermal energy losses, the system can operate more efficiently, ensuring that a greater proportion of the stored energy is converted back into electricity during the discharging phase.

Orientation and Configuration: Strategic Decisions

Horizontal vs. Vertical Orientation

The orientation of the tanks plays a significant role in the overall efficiency and stability of the CGESS. Horizontal orientation keeps the center of gravity low, improving stability and facilitating the integration of additional equipment such as compressors and turbines. Conversely, vertical tanks may be preferred in space-constrained environments, allowing for easier access and maintenance while minimizing the installation footprint.

Tank Arrangement

The arrangement of the tanks can further optimize system performance. A parallel configuration allows for flexible operational modes, enabling simultaneous charging and discharging if one tank is at a higher pressure than the other. Stacked configurations can conserve space while ensuring compliance with safety regulations regarding high-pressure storage.

Flow Optimization Strategies

To ensure maximum efficiency in gas transfer, the design of the piping and valves is crucial. Implementing smooth, low-resistance piping systems can minimize energy losses during gas transfer. Additionally, incorporating automated flow control systems can optimize gas flow rates during the charging and discharging phases, enhancing overall system efficiency.

Safety Considerations: Prioritizing Operational Integrity

Safety is a paramount concern in the operation of high-pressure gas storage systems. Each tank must be equipped with pressure relief valves to prevent dangerous overpressure scenarios. These valves must activate automatically at predetermined pressure thresholds, ensuring swift response in emergency situations.

Advanced monitoring systems that continuously track pressure, temperature, and gas composition should be integrated into the CGESS. These monitoring systems will enhance operational safety and performance, allowing for real-time adjustments and maintenance.

Furthermore, the design of the tanks should also account for environmental stresses, including seismic activity. Ensuring that the tanks can withstand such forces is essential for maintaining stability and safety in various geographic locations.

Future Implications and Speculations

The implementation of the Compressed Gas Energy Storage System utilizing nitrogen gas represents a significant advancement in energy storage technology. As renewable energy sources expand, the demand for efficient, scalable energy storage solutions will only increase. CGESS could play a vital role in this transition by providing a reliable method for balancing supply and demand in energy grids.

Impact on Renewable Energy Integration

One of the most significant implications of CGESS is its potential to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources into existing energy systems. By providing a means to store excess energy generated during peak production times, CGESS can help stabilize the grid and mitigate the intermittency associated with renewable sources. As a result, this could lead to greater adoption of renewable energy technologies, advancing global efforts to combat climate change.

Economic Considerations

The economic viability of CGESS will also shape its future. As technology advances and the cost of materials decreases, the initial investment required for implementing CGESS could become more manageable for utilities and energy providers. This could stimulate widespread adoption and lead to a more competitive energy market, driving innovation across the sector.

Environmental Benefits

The environmental benefits of CGESS cannot be overstated. By enabling greater utilization of renewable energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, CGESS could contribute to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, nitrogen, being an inert gas, poses no risk of environmental contamination, making it a safe choice for energy storage.

Conclusion

The proposed Compressed Gas Energy Storage System utilizing nitrogen gas has the potential to revolutionize energy storage technologies. By optimizing tank design, material choice, orientation, and configuration, the system can maximize performance while maintaining safety and reliability. As the world continues to navigate the transition toward renewable energy, innovations like CGESS will play a crucial role in shaping a sustainable energy future. By addressing the challenges of energy storage, CGESS could not only enhance energy management but also promote a cleaner, more resilient energy landscape for generations to come.

What is automation in enterprises?

When we ask about automation in enterprises and industry – most often the first association with the use of machines in enterprises is for most of us positions filled with robots that perform work on the production line.

We often recall a car production line as an example. In this type of factory, there are many repetitive processes related to the processing of various materials.

Examples include the stamping of metal sheets, joining elements, cutting profiles and welding elements. The final element of such a line is the assembly of prefabricated elements and their final product assembly.

Of course, this is a very simplified process, but at this stage it is easy to indicate the situations in which automation works best.

Generally, the best place to use automation in production is when a given activity or sequence of activities is repeated many times, and at each stage the process can be divided into fairly simple and repeatable operations using various tools.

For such purposes, the so-called manipulators, i.e. robots equipped with various tools, such as welding ends, are best suited.
Without automation, each of these activities would be performed by a specialized employee, for example a welder, press operator or cutting machine operator.

Manipulators, also known as robotic arms, are devices for a fairly high versatility of applications. Thanks to the possibility of programming the sequence of movements.

Automated production lines are very spectacular and very widely used in car assembly lines.

However, this is not the only branch of industry in which we deal with automation and robots.

The second dynamically developing industry in which robots are used is all kinds of Logistics and warehouse services.
Large distribution centers complete parcels and ship them

Retail and wholesale giants like Amazon are a great example of this.

The company invests and develops fully automated warehouse halls where robots are able to segregate packages and complete orders virtually without human intervention.

However, if you delve into the subject, this is just the tip of the iceberg. In fact, it is just one of the few processes that can be automated.

The scope of automation application.

Manufacturing and trading companies perform many other activities that could be successfully performed by specialized machines or software.

Essentially, every company that carries out commercial activities must receive orders from end customers or business intermediaries and prepare them according to the provided assumptions.

Therefore, at the very beginning of the process of offering and placing an order, we can apply mechanisms that allow us to eliminate the need to hire employees.

In the remainder of the article, we would like to consider a hypothetical enterprise in which all processes from the beginning to the end of the business process.

So we will start with offering, placing an order and ending with selling, making payments and delivering the product. We will also not forget about the order evaluation, after-sales care and possible warranty service.

All of the above-mentioned steps will be implemented in a fully automated ecosystem

We consider the existence of a fully automated enterprise in which all processes are performed without human.

What is Industry 4.0?

Industry 4.0 refers to a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily on automation, machine learning, and real-time data.

Industry 4.0, which encompasses IIoT and smart manufacturing, marries physical production and operations with smart digital technology, machine learning, and big data to create a more holistic and better connected ecosystem for companies that focus on manufacturing and supply chain management.

While every company and organization operating today is different, they all face a common challenge—the need for continuous integration and access to real-time insights across processes, partners, products, and people.

The role of Machine Learning in Industry 4.0 automation

More and more perfect algorithms based on machine learning allow to optimize the process on an unprecedented scale.

Classic human-made algorithms are being replaced by machine learning-based algorithms – where the human – programmer becomes less and less of a role.
In algorithms based on machine learning – the role of a human being is reduced to presenting the problem (output parameters) and the method of its evaluation.

It is the machine that carries out the process of self-improvement until it reaches a satisfactory level of performance of the creator.

The problem itself is solved based on the “black box” approach.

These new techniques enable us to create efficient methods without any of the human intervention, but with less than 1% difference in performance between two algorithms with identical input and with different values of input parameters.

The performance of each algorithm is then calculated by a combination of factors, and this performance data is fed into an evaluation algorithm which generates predictions for new algorithms based on the previous analysis algorithm. As soon as these estimates are known, they are updated with the new results from the evaluation algorithm.

A final decision is made on all available predictions by picking the best know so far.

So if you look at the top 3 best performing algorithms (i.e. the algorithm whose predictions are actually delivered, without human intervention) you’ll see a pretty striking pattern, and it’s quite interesting: we only need to apply one of these recommendations when building algorithms.

We do not need to rely on any other recommendation when constructing a new algorithm, for example, a method based on some existing algorithm is more than sufficient to build new algorithms.

A very similar approach can be applied to building a new machine learning algorithm.

We can look at existing algorithms and find a few which are very good. We can also look at algorithms which have been built on top of existing libraries and make some very simple modifications to them.

The resulting algorithm will be much faster than the algorithm it replaces. This can also be applied to new libraries, which can all have their own features which improve their performance.

The benefits of automation in business.

There is no need to convince anyone about the benefits of automation, this topic is quite heavily commented on and there are a number of publications on this topic.

We will highlight here only the most important benefits, without going into details that go beyond the scope of this publication.

Automation of processes in the company is necessary from an economic point of view.

The gradual replacement of employees with robots and software allows to reduce production and logistics costs along with the increase in the scale of the project.

In the case of manufacturing, automation would allow for the rapid removal of humans from production line to make way for more powerful machines (as well as a large cut in the total cost of production).

In the US in the last half of the 19th century, this technology was a key component of the Ford Model T, which used a Ford assembly line to make the engine, transmission, gearbox and the rest.

The automation of the entire process and the removal of humans from the process would not only reduce the amount of time it is necessary to perform the same job, but would also help to save money.

The goals of automation are not only to increase productivity but also improve safety. Of course it takes money to automated a process for the first time. And yes, this cost could be really high compared to workers salary. But if you look for this as an investment and consider bigger perspective – you may find out that this is worth the money.

You need always to calculate the overall cost of the venture and it should be calculated over some longer period.

Thanks to that the investment outlays have the chance to pay for themselves and then earn for themselves.

In the next part we will conduct a thought experiment and a project of a fully automated enterprise in several industry variants.

As we have known for a long time – deposits of fossil elements such as lithium will soon be depleted – which forces us to look for alternative forms of energy storage

A new generation of mobile devices will require more battery resources, but the most advanced batteries on the market are still the least expensive. With mobile devices moving to the cloud, many of the same problems that have plagued smartphones also apply. The biggest challenge to new smartphones is battery life. It should be no surprise that mobile devices run a bit more battery intensive than desktop computers—they rely on fast processors and more RAM, along with a smaller screen.

To make matters worse, the batteries that keep these tablets, tablets and phones running are expensive. But the big question on many people’s minds is which batteries are the cheapest, or most energy-efficient. It comes down to a debate over what constitutes a high-power battery—that is, how much power is needed to run these devices at their peak performance.

Energy efficiency of batteries and energy storage is just one of the problems with which we will have to change in the coming years. Another denomination is the depletion of raw materials necessary for the production of batteries such as Nickel, Lithium or Cobalt.

Will we be sourcing raw materials for battery production from space in the future?

It turns out that there is not really a clear cut answer, says Andrew Schmitt, a professor of energy storage engineering at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Boulder:

“There are three possible way to achieve success in this area”

Scientists and engineers around the world are considering a new source of energy storage

Fight for lithium

Lithium is now indispensable for the production of batteries for electronics – laptops and smartphones, but also electric vehicles. That is why it is called “new oil”

What has happened to lithium over the past few decades? First, it became cheap. Then came the crash of 2008-2009, which resulted in a collapse in the price of lithium batteries. It is worth noting that during the crisis this price plummeted as low as $8 per kilogram in 2008; it is now more than $20 per kilogram.

Now, lithium is experiencing a crisis because of a fundamental error in the lithium manufacturing process. In the past 20 years, there has been very little innovation in the manufacture of lithium batteries. In many countries, the only alternative for developing the lithium industry is to develop nuclear energy. To do this, all major manufacturers have had to invest huge sums of money in nuclear power plants and the related maintenance work. The cost of nuclear power has risen massively, as a result of the huge investment.

But lithium batteries are made from the same lithium that is used in nuclear reactors and is therefore of much higher quality than nuclear reactors. As a result, the quality and reliability of the lithium batteries that we use today is extremely high.

However, the lithium industry is now facing major challenges. The main one is that the lithium industry is in a crisis because of the price decline in the lithium industry. The lithium battery price has been falling rapidly but the price of lithium batteries has not.

The fact that the lithium industry faces a major crisis is caused by a fundamental error in the battery manufacturing process. This is a fundamental error due to a fundamental defect in the design: namely, the production of lithium from a source known as graphite rather than alumina.

Graphite is a very expensive form of metal. It is a very dense metal. The main problem is that the metal used to make graphite is called alumina, but alumina is used in all lithium batteries. The lithium industry has been developing lithium batteries from alumina for more than 50 years. In the course of the history of batteries, the amount of alumina in a lithium battery has doubled fivefold, and in the case of lithium from graphite doubled six fold. For this to happen, all major manufacturers have been using alumina as a source of lithium.

This error is the result of a fundamental defect in the design of the battery manufacturing process, and it is rooted in the most basic, essential principle of any manufacturing process: namely, the avoidance of waste. Lithium is a precious metal, and its use in the battery industry is very limited, so every gram of it that is not needed for the production of batteries is wasted. This is a basic principle of industrial production: waste of lithium is not allowed.

What the lithium industry cannot do without is the production of lithium from alumina. The only solution to the problem lies in the development of non-graphite electrodes, which can be made from other materials rather than alumina. And since this is not possible until more than half the lithium that is needed in a battery is already produced, the lithium industry is facing a crisis that is not going to improve over the next 20-30 years.

What about the environmental impact of lithium battery production?

We know this problem because for a long time, in 2008, the US Department of Energy (DOE) reported that it would take about 500-600 kilowatt hours of electricity to produce a 10-megawatt battery. But this is already very low compared with the energy demands for other industries that are far more energy-intensive. It is possible for a 10-MW battery to produce up to 1.5 million kWh (more than a third). So, if there is a 10-MW lithium battery, it would need about 600-800 gigawatt hour (Gwe) to produce and store enough energy to cover all electricity use in the country of the United States.

What about the energy-efficiency of lithium battery production?

It is worth mentioning here that lithium production has been increasing at roughly the same rate since about 2007. For example, for batteries for the electric mobility sector, there has actually been a decrease in the amount of batteries in production. This has led many to suggest that lithium batteries might be in a good position to replace fossil fuels.

Today, China dominates the production of lithium. It is true that as a country it is not the largest producer, but Chinese companies have shares in companies of the largest producers.

3 possible scenarios to solve battery problem in the future

Scenario 1. We find replacement for lithium and continue to use batteries in similar form

When lithium and nickel deposits are depleted or their mining becomes very expensive, producers will be forced to look for another reactive element to replace lithium.
Of course, there are, for example, radioactive elements, but mini nuclear reactors in every home or car are science fiction.

Science knows many alternative forms of energy storage, e.g. hydrogen
However, mass application is possible only when:

• the resources required to build it will be relatively easy to obtain and there will be plenty of it
• it will be safe – both in normal use and in case of emergency (fire, earthquake, mechanic damage)
• it will be permanent or easily replaceable
• utilization of used energy storage will not be dangerous to the environment

These above-mentioned problems inhibit our use of both nuclear and hydrogen at home / everyday use applications.
For this reason, our best choice that we still use are relatively safe lithium-ion batteries (li-ion) in telephones, cars and scooters.

The new battery chemistry is made to take this into consideration and to avoid some of its disadvantages. Older NiCd’s batteries are designed to last between 100 to 200 charging cycles in a typical smartphone, compared to about 300 batteries in nickel cells. This means, while they might have more lifespan than the typical nickel cell used in phones, they would still be less reliable over time than nickel cells.

Even Older cells types, e.g. acid cells known from car batteries, are still in use, but their use is not possible everywhere. for example, an electric car based on an acid battery – it would not be able to drive for a long time – its energy efficiency is too low in relation to the weight of the batteries themselves.

The other type of batteries invented after like Nickel – metal hydride (Ni-Mh) that replaced Nickel–cadmium battery  Ni-Cd  cells still had some drawbacks, such as the memory effect, and would not be suitable for applications where frequent recharging of the cell was required.

Devices such as drones for photography or other flying models would not run on old batteries.

The market for these devices only flourished after the introduction of high-energy efficient lithium and lithium-ion batteries.

Scenario 2. We stop using electric batteries and find another form of energy storing

When considering alternative forms of energy storage, we usually think of electricity, and that’s what scenario one was about.
However, now let’s consider if this is the only way.

Do we need to store energy in the form of electricity – are there other solutions?

At present, the storage of energy in the form of electricity is the most convenient, because this form of energy has the most advantages.
The main advantages of electric energy include the following:

• we can send it over long distances
• does not require a lot of volume or weight for storage
• easy to change form to another type of energy, e.g. kinetic, thermal, chemical bonds
• it is relatively easy to produce
• the generator does not require much space

In addition to classic accumulator batteries, other methods of energy storage are also used in technology and industry:

• compression energy storage,
• pumped storage power plants,
• kinetic energy storage,
• supercapacitors,
• superconducting magnetic energy storage,
• fuel cells.

Now let’s take a closer look at some characteristics of the alternatives mentioned above.

Compression energy storage

Compression energy storage is an alternative form of storing energy thanks to compressed gases like air or carbon dioxide. The principle of compressed gas energy storage is to store energy in the form of compressed gas. Compressed gas energy storage has advantages over batteries and other storage forms because it is very flexible in terms of location and size.

The energy used to compress gas in sealed container can be released at any time if needed. Compression energy storage has indefinite live time as long as we make sure that valves are perfectly sealed. When we open valves, it releases the stored energy and the gas can expand freely.

In the figure below, if we don’t allow the gas to escape the container, it will build up pressure. We need a way to control the pressure. If we release the pressure, the gas expands freely and the volume is reduced. This is called “gas release”.

This is exactly the same process as that of our body when we exhale. The difference is that in our body, we need to exhale to release the air in our lungs. In the case of the gas release, we need to pump the gas out.

Pumped energy storage

Pumped storage is the oldest kind of large-scale energy storage and works on a very simple principle – two reservoirs at different altitudes are required and when the water is released from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir, energy is created by the downflow, which is directed through a turbine and generator to create electricity. The water is then pumped back to the upper reservoir. The overall process is called hydroelectricity.

The largest pumped storage plant is the Gordon and Betty Moore Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plant in the USA. It was built in 1967-1971 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The plant has two reservoirs. The upper reservoir is in the mountainous region of California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range and the lower reservoir is in the desert of the Mojave desert. The plant is located at the border of Nevada and California and has a capacity of 1,640MW.

Scenario 3. We start exploring space and mining lithium or other element elsewhere

If we do not find a suitable substitute for lithium on Earth, we will be doomed to look for it in other planets.

This can be very difficult, costly and risky. For this reason, we consider this scenario the least likely of all those presented earlier.

One of the main reasons that made up for the enormous costs of both the US and the present-day Soviet Union’s space programs was the desire to obtain rare minerals and other types of raw materials. The imaginations of decision-makers were ignited by the concepts of asteroids made of gold or rayon elements.

If it was possible to take over the gold deposits that are part of an asteroid or other celestial body – several dozen kilograms of this ore would be enough to cover the costs of the mission. In turn, estimates of tons of fossil resources are fortresses that can change the course of history.

The exploration of space was a chance to fill the shortages of raw materials that were on the ground.

It is estimated that, for example, the asteroid Hebe has so much iron that it would be enough for humanity for over a million years, nickel – for 83 million, and gold for over 700,000. years. It’s a large asteroid (most are smaller in size) – but this shows just how many resources can be found in the solar system. Even if we make a few mistakes in the calculations, the numbers are still colossal. Of course, if we start using these raw materials, their price will fall due to the supply. But there is still great deal to be done on this.

D.Eng Adam Jan Zwierzynski – Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow

At the moment, the space race continues, but with a different intensity. We have already researched a lot and so far there is no economic justification to obtain fossil resources from space. China has joined the race, aspiring to take over parts of the Soviet Union and beat the Americans’ nose.

We anticipate that perhaps it is not gold, but lithium and other energetic elements that will intensify our activities in the next era of space exploration.

We have a lot of hope on Mars right now. Exports by several American and Chinese probes are ongoing and the potential is being assessed.

The mining constant on Mars could be the perfect complement to Elon Musk’s current plans to colonize the red planet.

Today we will show you some work that has been done on this topic and we will try to answer the question: Is the fully AI hotel possible to build real World?

The subject of autonomous service buildings, which include hotels, is not something new, but recent work on this type of facilities has been greatly intensified.
Of course, this is due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of facilities operated by people.

It is not surprising that many entities invest in this solution. In turn, research centres at technical universities conduct research and develop technology that helps to start this type of autonomous buildings.

The start-up company for hotels solutions is aiming to have a global presence by late 2021. In addition to offering self-service hotels and accommodation facilities, the company will also offer “smart and intelligent” products and services, which will include:

• “smart” door locks and automatic lockers;
• mobile KIOSK to check-in and customer experience
• “smart” doors and lockers;
• automated payment and credit card transactions;
• smart payment and credit card transactions; • payment gateway that integrates with the company’s mobile payment system and payments and loyalty program;
• smart payment and loyalty program;
• secure access to the company’s cloud data for its business-oriented digital transformation and business analytics services, including the ability to identify transactions that are illegal and illegal transactions;
• cloud-based financial reporting, which includes a customer management application; and,
• mobile app for clients and visitors.
• an innovative mechanism for the delivery of meals and drinks

The company plans to offer self-service hotels with all-encompassing smart and intelligent products and services, such as the company’s cloud-based financial reporting and mobile app.

This will enable self-service hotel operators to offer their clients’ preferred service options and services more efficiently, and to offer a solution that is more relevant to the customer. The self-service hotels would then help consumers and hotel owners better plan the best and best experiences they want to experience.

Forecasts for the automation of hotels and intelligent buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic

You can read about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the acceleration of work on the development of this technology here.

The self-service hotel industry is expected to bring up to 40% to 45% of all hotel room revenues to hotels by 2040, says the Rating & Review Consultancy report.

The self-service hotel industry is also set to become a significant industry across the country. The report further highlights that the sector will have to offer hotel rooms more quickly and more efficiently in order to provide customers with the best experiences.

The mentioned Consultancy Group’s report also highlighted two key areas to achieve its ambitious vision of a global self-service hotel industry.

The first is the integration of the self-service hotel industry into India’s e-governance and information technology systems. This means integrating self-service hotels within the country’s e-governance and information technology systems and connecting people in and out of the hotel industry to the digital information technology (IT) sector, which is in turn creating an opportunity to integrate and improve the service.

The second is developing a “smart and intelligent” self-service hotel business model that will bring the benefits of the services and products offered by the company to guests at each of its hotels across the country, including by linking the hotel guests to the hotel’s smart devices and cloud storage services. This will enable the hotel’s management to focus on improving the performance of all guests, and to ensure an efficient customer experience, as well as the hotel’s.

A new automated method of delivering meals at the hotel

While the issues of checking in, paying or opening the door in a hotel room can be easily solved using an application on the phone or a touch terminal – the possibility of ordering meals and drinks turns out to be quite a big problem.

Engineers and designers analyzing the possibilities of launching a hotel restaurant with the possibility of ordering ready meals – without the participation of staff – such as waiters – concluded that this was possible with the use of machines similar to vending machines.
However, in the case of a hotel restaurant – we are dealing with a much more complicated device – which should complete the complex meal and give it to the person concerned.

Work on this type of device has been going on for a long time. There are, for example, machines for baking pizza or hot dogs.

The ongoing pandemic will probably accelerate these works and soon we can expect the first restaurants – not only hotel ones – operating independently – fully automated.

We will certainly follow the designs of robotic and automatic hotel restaurants and will be happy to get back to the topic when design companies showcase working prototypes and their functions.

The term HyperFlow is a combination of two terms: fist is the hypercube – well known  from the Business Intelligence and OLAP domain and the second part is from the TensorFlow a Google Machine Learning library that is know widely used on the Deep Learning and AI products design.

HyperFlow claims to be the first widely offered platform that joins the BI and AI in the modern way with real time stream analyzes and unmanaged machine learning.

The main domain of application is the AML / CTF, fraud detection and the pattern recognition. The main website of the project is under European domain: hyperflow.eu

Here in Invenio  blog we will be we will be closely watching this new promising technology and when we get something more, we will certainly publish a wider article.

Modern tram transport solutions

Now look at several solutions used in one of the most popular means of public transport . It is namely very popular today trams . Low floor – the first aspect. In most cities are already used low-floor trams . Among the many existing tram systems , low-floor no longer has just a few cities in the world . Where this technology has not yet reached already contracted to low-floor wagons . Low floor is true greatly increases the cost of the tram because of the complexity of its construction , but makes the vehicle more friendly and it is easy accessible for all passengers , including mothers with strollers , people with disabilities and limited mobility . As a result, all new tramways , ordered in recent years around the world , are at least partially low-floor . Even used cars are put into operation are rebuilt so that one member was a low floor . Another aspect of the design is long articulated trams. In Germany or Hungary, operated are long – up to 54 meter long vehicle ( it is a Siemens Combino in Budapest ) . Long vehicle means a large passenger capacity , and therefore a large number of passengers falling on one vehicle and one driver’s . This is particularly important in increasing the participation of wages in the cost of operations of transport companies .

In addition , the articulated vehicle is facilitated even distribution of passengers between different parts of the tram. The driver has facilitated oversight of the entire vehicle. Disappears also the problem of the last door of the second or third composition, for trains trams Konstal 105Na of chamfers in the rear part of the body . Standard tram stood out raceways running in the roadway . This resulted in a sharp movement disorder trams and cars. When congestion has obtained more and more considerable size , the trams were losing their appeal .

Construction of a separate track from the road or lane only for trams or buses provide transport preference and competitiveness for the shortest time . Vehicle tram passing through the intersection during peak hours including one course can carry the amount of passengers , which over a hundred cars during several subsequent changes of lights. Hence , it is understood that the movement of trams was privileged . In fact, despite the fact that the numbers are absolute for cars, trams priority , the priority for trams do not give advice against automotive lobby .

While the cars are very disturbing cities are appearing every few minutes tram is able to co-exist in the urban area of foot traffic . Long articulated vehicle , traveling at a speed of at most a dozen km / h , does not pose a big threat and can be bypassed by pedestrians , who have to walk one at most a few steps or wait a few seconds. On the other hand , car drivers are often reckless for pedestrians and parked cars also occupy valuable space streets. As a result, in many cities in Europe on selected streets forbidden to drive your car , creating a pedestrian zone . In such places left or entered the trams . This ensures fast and direct access shaft transport from distant parts of the city to the busiest offices, institutions , shops and eateries. When the streets are filled with parked cars and cars standing in traffic , urban space functions much worse.

Remote-controlled drones as the future of many branches of business

Recently the great popularity of special vehicles moving through the air , controlled remotely – so-called drones . Drones have been used for many years in the army . Small , unmanned aircraft initially served as scouts functions , generating useful data about the locations of enemy forces , potential centers of defense and others. Then they began to perform the functions of battle – such vehicles are equipped with highly effective missiles , which were enormous firepower and aroused fear among opponents. As for the drones , which appeared on the civilian market , those were small, remotely operated vehicles , usually driven by a force of several propellers . They started to be used in many fields , including business. Drones used in the film industry when you need aerial shots or those normally performed by a tap of camera . Their costs are much lower, and the use of a much more extended than the static taps , rails or other devices supporting filmmaking . When it comes to transportation, over which we consider right here , there are many projects to improve the industry through these just drones . One of the first ideas was almost completely automate the process of ordering food by phone or the Internet straight to your home. In the restaurant or pizzeria , the base controlling the whole process , the module is receiving the contract or phone operator . Then , using available satellite maps, delivery address is converted using a simple program on GPS coordinates . Drone , comes in a package compatible with the order, upon payment ( by bank transfer or by bitcoins ) moves to the recipient. Is reduced in this way delivery time, because the vehicle does not have to contend with difficulties in traffic or to overcome circular routes . However, there is some problems relating to this innovative concept . First of all , Drones have limited range and can not compare to the conventional methods of delivery of the ordered goods with ordinary vehicles. Supported by the small size of the drone , which can not exceed certain values ​​, to be able to ascend into the air. Larger battery or a larger fuel tank would entail a considerable increase in the size of the vehicle and also an increase in the cost of its construction. There is also a problem with the maximum weight that the vehicle can carry . This is due to the need to increase the quantity or frequency limit order intake .

Drones as a tool in the hands of the mafia

With the development of the availability of drones and expanding their functionality , recognized the possibility of their use by organizations engaged not entirely consistent with the law . Such a vehicle may be used for transferring significant amounts of illegal money . Can also be carried documents and reports relating to illegal activities , where they can not be sent electronically .

Recently, a group of crime has gone one step further decided to develop a system for the distribution of drugs based on this created a special website and web drones , which have to deal with the delivery. Internet portal had to be completely safe by placing the server in an inaccessible location and the fact that the purchase of illicit psychoactive substances used a bitcoins. This allows the client sighting would be virtually impossible.

 The first signs of a new era clothes are already noticeable. T-shirt for athletes recently developed by a company monitors heart rate , breathing and measures traffic generated during acceleration.

 Blouse new generation allows you to send and receive virtual hugs from anywhere in the world. Created concepts such as t -shirt acting like drums , sweatshirts and pants with video and music players , dresses that light up the surroundings diodes , change depending on what the surrounding sounds, and even the emotions present owner.

 Resulting from several years of use , however, inventions , especially from traditional technologies , which, despite the achieved results are not ideal for use in their clothes. Reduce convenience , the laundry hamper , require connecting an external battery .

 Therefore, we need new solutions . One of the companies that working on them is an American company MC10 . Engineers at the Massachusetts want to combine small electronic components with flexible hoses and store in a flexible material such as silicone . In this way, for example, have created various types of sensors that can be hidden in the fabric.

 Cooperation with the MC10 has already established one of the largest producers of sports clothing . The aim is to provide a sports clothing that are watching the heart rate , blood pressure , pH and pressure sweat generated at the joints .

The real change can bring a new kind of electronics they are working already learned . Speaking of electronics based on soft organic polymers instead of a hard and brittle silicon. The team from the Belgian research center IMEC has already developed organic microprocessor, which can be bent . Its computing power is small, it can be compared to the power systems of the 70’s , but this is just a prototype . Even in its present form , with power comparable to the possibility of agreements with the 70’s , for example, could process data from sensors monitoring body or control a simple display .

Flexible screens is another objective pursued by the engineers. New materials such as graphene or the use of so-called . quantum dots can allow their construction . This would be the invention is ideally suited for use in electronic clothes.

Used every day devices can completely change your character . Japanese scientists have created a fabric that works like touch screens . Its fibers react to pressure and conduct electronic impulses . Only one step to the keyboard sleeve. The MIT created a soft fiber that can receive and produce sounds. Item of clothing will then be able to become a microphone or speaker. If in the near future in the salons of mobile phones will be able to buy a sweatshirt and jeans , do not be too surprised .

Electronic circuits , rigid, flexible , or sewn into clothing need electricity. Pinning batteries for sweatshirts or t -shirt is not a practical solution. The implementation of completely new ideas coming up but great strides . The MIT is working on battery sewn into the fabric . Drawing on the construction of bacteria attacking the virus , researchers from Massachusetts has constructed the most important element of which is the battery electrode. Stanford University created while polymer solar cells that can not only bend but also extend as much as 30 percent . They are designed with a view to supply artificial skin sentient robots , but there is nothing to prevent a sew them in a jacket or pants. Another solution is called . Piezoelectric fibers . They produce electricity during bending . Sewn into the material could generate a voltage on the move. Over their use of works , among others. NASA.

Technical achievements can make new clothes will have the possibility of which today it is difficult to even speculate. The Princeton University , for example, formed on a flexible organic laser and stretchable substrate. Surely there is a way to make this and similar inventions used in the garment future in a way that will surprise us all .

Another interesting concept of the use of the latest technologies in the textile industry is a very controversial project to create underwear for women, which would supposedly protect against dismantling in the case when a man has an evil intentions. It works on a similar principle as the clothing described above . Let us design a bra , created in accordance with the previously mentioned assumptions. In place of the front of the garment , where they connect to the bra cup and the back clamp which normally occurs , a special type of latch is mounted in conjunction with a miniature chip. The chip is connected to a micro mesh disposed over the entire surface of the bra , and monitors the performance of the body in several angles. First, it monitors the heart rate . Second, check the rate and depth of breathing . Third is the amount of secreted sweat , and analyzes its density in terms of the substance contained therein . Commonly available scientific publications , which describes a condition in which a woman subconsciously react to a potential lover pure intentions and can instinctively recognizes and learns about the reality of that feeling. In the case where there are no such reactions , after all, is a woman and take the unwanted decision – on impulse , often regretting it later . Underwear made ​​in this technology is to prevent such situations . When activated, it will be impossible to unfasten her bra or download other parts underwear if micro chip does not detect the corresponding parameters occurring in cases when a woman feels really something . This solution has several drawbacks, because the situation can happen when a woman’s body gets unwanted symptoms in the moments when she did not expect perfectly . This technology is still probably a lot of flaws and it will be a long time before technicians , scientists and engineers will lead to a satisfactory level of development of the underwear.

Scientists working in companies producing clothing for athletes competing in concepts to improve the performance and characteristics of the athletes. One such project is the recently developed a shoe for the players , whose secret is the proper shaping of the sole , designed to impact on the relevant points of the meridians . The objective is to obtain a free maneuverability effects on foot in order to increase the specific capabilities of the player . It is an innovative mainly because it performed in this manner produces shoes for each player separately. It depends on the individual functions and is used with a proper strategy. That’s what shoe should put a player decides to set the match. This technology is being tested , but it is already clear that there will be available to the very rich clubs , because the execution of one pair will probably cost about a few thousand dollars . Similarly, the football shirts that are made from new, innovative materials and are to make the player will be much lighter and thus faster and more maneuverable . They cause a special nano tubes placed at the seams as well as in several other locations shirts. This concept has not yet reached the stage of testing and it is unclear whether it will check in practice , and also not yet been determined in detail the cost of producing the shirts.

Today, it is believed that the use of public transport is cheap, comfortable and not cause as much of such damages to the environment. This is caused by the large impoverishment of society in recent years, but sees mostly economic benefits from the use of such means of transport. Today there are many concepts for innovative solutions to public transport. Departs from the standard combustion vehicles (buses) because was noticed danger posed by the large amount of harmful substances emitted by such vehicles.

 A short history and a few interesting facts about the trams

Tram, as well as railways, owes its existence to the one who noticed that the horse that pulls the car easier, the substrate is harder, such as metal. Rails – was still rather two metal strips curl to the sides – appeared for the first time on the streets of New York. So began the era of horse tram, which lasted more than half a century, although few of oat-powered trams survived until the late 30th of this century, the last horse trails urban eliminated in Germany (in Stadthagen) and France (in Realmont) in the year 1933, and the original, “rural” horse tram on the German island of Spiekeroog plied until 1949. Horse tram was the progress towards the omnibus, but also connect to some drawbacks. In a rapidly enlarging industrial cities the nineteenth century cars were too limited in range and moving too low speed. The difficulty was to overcome every single hill. To ensure continuous movement should keep an average of 8-11 horses for one car tram, in the larger cities made ​​a huge herd. Only one of several London companies tram North Metropolitan, feeding in the 90s the last century, seven thousand two hundred animals. And on the east coast of the United States occurred in 1873, that a sudden epidemic has struck thousands of horses that immobilized the tram network and complicated life in many centers. All this forced to look for more efficient power sources. Navigate the streets trams were subordinated to the principle of local traffic organization. In England, for example, force rail vehicles drive on the left. It was the same even in Czechoslovakia in the interwar years which was the legacy of the Austria-Hungary. A long time changing operation in preparation for right-hand traffic finally carried out on 26 March 1939, 11 days after the German invasion on their categorical command, occupiers, coped badly because of driving on the left. In Prague, the change was causing traffic congestion tram, because a great part of the carriages had access only to the left. Evolution of rail vehicles durable for many years and designers took some time to develop a machine similar to those used today.

 Simplified communication tunneling

Today, designers are trying to make in the development of newer and newer concepts of public transport based on standard technologies. There are many reasons for looking for new solutions. One of the most important is the aforementioned concern for the environment. There is also the problem of space in cities. Known that bus and tram lanes for buses occupy a significant part of the street. This causes a lot of problems relating to road transport, including traffic problems. There are constantly looking for new solutions that will ensure a quick and safe journey for passengers, shall not occupy a large space, installation costs would be relatively low and the drive ecological, economical and non-polluting environment. One such concept is the public transport network, developed by a group of scientists from the United states. It is based on the use of small carriages, with a maximum diameter of about 100 centimeters. These wagons would have the shape of a cylinder with mounted seats. Passengers were in the middle in a reclining position, and stepping inside would be performed by opening the top of the wagon tailgate. In the center provides adequate lighting and air conditioning, monitoring and alarming system of the potential dangers and, if necessary, stop the whole squad. Wagons would be combined in compositions of approximately 20 pieces. Their drive would be a special network of small engines located in remote controlled unit conducting. The whole will be moved about in a specially hollowed tunnels whose network encircles the entire city. Stops for this specific rail network would consist of small boxes placed logistically throughout the city, neighboring the existing stops or providing a completely new arrangement. It’s an interesting proposition, especially due to the small size of the vehicle and traffic reduction, because the whole squad would be moving underground. But there are many reasons why this concept may never see the equivalent in the form of a suitable vehicle or even a prototype. A part of the passengers might feel uncomfortable in the middle of the vehicle with such a small area. Some probably do not want to get in, for example because of claustrophobia. The problem is the fact that for such an installation would have to be drilled a substantial amount of tunnels. The length, which would have to be reached, would cause a considerable increase in costs. Although in comparison with, for example, subway tunnel area would be several times smaller (due to the small diameter of the vehicle). There remains the question of security – there is no clear answer to this, as would be solved. Probably would have to be constructed network of special manholes safety. Considering the size of carriages, evacuation caused a lot of problems. You could also use a special set of emergency engines, which in case of emergency towing threatened parts of the composition of the danger zone.

 Transportation in mountain villages

Another concept, much more simple and does not require until such expenditure, has been developed for towns and villages located in mountainous areas. The idea is very simple. Now, with several sites located above the low places, applied to a kind of indoor slides consisting of two lanes. At one lane would be located just smooth, polished surface for easy downhill from points situated above the low places. The second belt, a little more advanced, would be equipped with simple lines and blocks system operating on a similar principle as the ski lift. This way of traveling between the villages where there is a significant height difference really facilitate the life of the inhabitants. Of course it is to consider in this topic many issues regarding safety, for example. Does not know how to end up using the system with too much traffic. This could result in a large number of collisions in such a primitive downhill lane. Another difficult issue is the question of maintenance. It is not known how often such a system would require repair and maintenance. It could be that the number of hours servicing almost completely prevents the use of this device or generates costs that smaller towns and villages are not able to cover.

 Transportation gondola

An interesting idea to improve the urban transport is to build a network of interconnected pillars of adequate thickness and strength of the rope . On these ropes placed by gondolas , similar to those used on the ski slopes . The propulsion system would be based on economic and efficient engines also powered by solar energy. Such a solution would provide free up space , of course, in favor of the traveling standard methods – cars, trucks or two-wheelers . By using rope routes of these vehicles could roll where there is already another route – over her. This would result in a significant shortening of the current routes and thus reduce the time of travel. This would probably also increase tourism values ​​of the city. With the nacelles not only be able to get from place to place, but also admire the panorama of the city. It is true that the very high altitude , but it always gives us a view of the greater part of the buildings than when traveling by conventional means of transportation.

 Air Taxi

Today, the term ” air taxi ” works only for small planes or helicopters rented for longer routes . The concept of air taxi in the form of small vehicles permitting the movement of more numerous people in a cramped city is developed for a long time , but unfortunately continues to stand in the place . This is due to insufficiently developed technology used in drives air vehicles . Such a vehicle would have to be very creative, achieved speed could not exceed a certain limit , the engine could not generate noise of high intensity and be small enough to mount it in this type of vehicle at all made ​​sense . It seems that it was the invention of some kind of antigravity or even revolutionary engine propeller on an incredibly favorable characteristics , we have to stick to more traditional solutions , and air travel deals to leave on longer routes.

 Movable platform for pedestrians

 The intensity of pedestrians in areas where there is often a lot of traffic sometimes is a problem. Often wondered how to improve the movement of people in these places. It’s about the big commercial place or shopping malls . Proposed system moving floors, which act similarly on the basis of the escalator , only horizontally . Appropriate placement of such a system would allow platforms to streamline the movement of pedestrians.